Purpose

The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. However, it is not just a simple tube. The lower esophagus has a specialized muscle around it that usually stays tightly close, opening only to allow food and liquid into the stomach. It acts to prevent the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.

Symptoms occur when the specialized muscle weekends and allow stomach acid to splash up into the esophagus. The symptoms include heartburn, chest discomfort, and bitter fluid flowing up into the mouth. Chest discomfort can occur. If the stomach juice trickles into the breathing tubes, hoarseness, cough and even shortness of breath can occur. This entire problem is called GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). A number of factors, including certain foods, may cause lower esophageal muscle to relax, causing GERD.

Nutrition Facts

A diet designed to prevent or reduce acid reflux is usually easy to follow. The basic food groups of cereals, vegetables, fruit, dairy products and meats can be eaten with only a few limitations. So, this diet generally meets the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of the National Research Council. A vitamin C supplement may be needed if an individual does not tolerate citrus food such as oranges, tomatoes, etc.

Special Considerations

The lower esophageal muscle can be weakened by factors other than food. The following recommendations may be helpful in reducing symptoms:

• Stop using tobacco in all forms. nicotine weekends the lower esophageal muscle.
• Avoid chewing gum and hard candy. They increase the amount of swallowed air which, in turn, leads to belching and reflux.
• Do not lie down immediately after eating. Avoid late evening snacks.
• Avoid tight clothing and bending over after eating.
• Eat small, frequent portions of food and snacks if needed.
• Lose weight if overweight. Obesity leads to increased 3 flex.
• Elevate the head of the bed six to eight inches to prevent reflux when sleeping. Extra pillows, by themselves, are not very helpful.